City Introduction

Wuhan (the capital of Hubei Province, a vice-provincial city, "Jiangcheng")

Wuhan is the capital and megacity of Hubei Province, the only sub-provincial city in the six central provinces, a central city in central China approved by the State Council, and an important national industrial base, science and education base and comprehensive transportation hub. Wuhan is a national historical and cultural city and an important birthplace of Chu culture. The site of Panlong City in the territory has a history of 3,500 years. Since the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, Wuhan has always been a military and commercial center in southern China. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it became the most prosperous place in Chu and one of the four gatherings in the world. The opening of a port in Hankou at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the Westernization Movement initiated the modernization process of Wuhan, making it an important economic center of modern China, known as the "Chicago of the East". Wuhan is the place where the Revolution of 1911 was the first place. It has become the political, military and cultural center of the country several times in modern history.

As of the end of 2018, Wuhan has jurisdiction over Jiang'an District, Jianghan District, Qiaokou District, Hanyang District, Wuchang District, Qingshan District, Hongshan District, Caidian District, Jiangxia District, Huangpi District, Xinzhou District, Dongxihu District, Hannan District, etc. 13 administrative regions[25]. Wuhan Municipal People's Government is located at No. 188, Yanjiang Avenue, Jiang'an District.

Location

Wuhan City is located in the eastern part of Hubei Province, where the Yangtze River and Hanshui River intersect. Its geographical location is 29°58′—31°22′ north latitude and 113°41′—115°05′ east longitude. The largest horizontal distance of Wuhan is 134 kilometers from east to west, and the largest vertical distance from north to south is about 155 kilometers. The east end is located in Jiangjunshan Village, Xugu Street, Xinzhou District, the west end is located at Guoguang Village, Juru Street, Caidian District, and the southernmost end is located at Husi Street, Jiangxia District. Junbao Village, the northernmost is located in Lichong Village, Caidian Street, Huangpi District.

topography

The landform of Wuhan is a transitional area from the hills of southeastern Hubei to the low hills of the southern foot of the Dabie Mountains through the eastern edge of the Hanjiang Plain. The middle is low and flat, surrounded by hills and ridges in the north and south, and low mountains in the north. The area of low mountains, hills, hilly plains and flat plains in the city respectively account for 5.8%, 12.3%, 42.6% and 39.3% of the total land area. The altitude is between 19.2 meters and 873.7 meters, most of which are below 50 meters.

climate

Wuhan belongs to the northern subtropical monsoon (humid) climate, which has the characteristics of abundant rainfall, sufficient heat, rain and heat in the same season, light and heat in the same season, cold in winter and hot in summer, and four distinct seasons.

The annual average temperature in Wuhan is 15.8℃-17.5℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 41.3℃ (August 10, 1934), and the extreme minimum temperature is -18.1℃ (January 30, 1977). The annual frost-free period is generally 211 days to 272 days, the annual total sunshine hours are 1810 hours to 2100 hours, the annual total radiation is 104 kcal/cm2 to 113 kcal/cm2, and the annual precipitation is 1150 mm to 1450 mm. The rainfall is concentrated in From June to August each year, it accounts for about 40% of the annual rainfall.

Hydrology

In Wuhan, rivers and lakes are intertwined. The Yangtze River and Hanshui converge in the center of the city, and receive the inflow of north and south branches. Numerous large and small lakes are embedded on both sides of the river to form a lake and marsh water network.

As of the end of 2017, there were 166 large and small lakes in Wuhan, known as the "city of hundreds of lakes". At normal water levels, the lakes have an area of 867.07 square kilometers. Tangxun Lake is the largest city lake in China (with an area of 47.6 square kilometers). The East Lake with an area of 33.9 square kilometers is second in the central city. Liangzi Lake is one of the two most ecologically protected inland lakes in China.

Natural resources

Freshwater resources

The total water area of Wuhan is 2217.6 square kilometers, accounting for 26.1% of the city's land area. There are 277 reservoirs of various types, including 3 large-scale reservoirs and 6 medium-sized reservoirs, with a total capacity of 925 million cubic meters. There are 85,100 ponds and weirs with a water storage capacity of 330 million cubic meters. According to calculations and analysis, in normal years, the static reserves of groundwater are 12.8 billion cubic meters, and the total surface water is 714.5 billion cubic meters, of which 3.8 billion cubic meters of rainfall runoff within the country and 704.7 billion cubic meters of transit passenger water. The theoretical reserves of hydropower resources are 20,000 kilowatts.

Wuhan is rich in freshwater resources, with the largest water area in the country. The per capita water resource is about 40 times the national average and 10 times the global average.

Wetland resources

Wuhan's wetland resources rank among the top three inland cities in the world. As of 2012, Wuhan's wetland area is 3,358.35 square kilometers, accounting for 39.54% of the city's land area, of which natural wetland area is 1,561.86 square kilometers and artificial wetland area is 1,796.49 square kilometers.

As of January 2018, there are 6 national wetland parks in Wuhan (Jinyin Lake National Wetland Park, Donghu National Wetland Park, Anshan National Wetland Park, Houguan Lake National Wetland Park, Dugong Lake National Wetland Park, and Tibetan Dragon Island National Wetland Park), is the city with the most national wetland parks.

Biological resources

According to incomplete statistics, there are 106 families, 607 genera, and 1066 species of ferns and seed plants in Wuhan, which have both southern and northern flora. Wuhan has animal resources such as livestock and poultry, aquatic, medicinal, fur feathers, natural enemies of pests, and nationally protected animals. Livestock and poultry animals mainly include more than 10 species and more than 70 species such as pigs, cattle and chickens. There are 11 orders, 22 families, and 88 species of fish resources. The main commercial fish include more than 20 species of grass, green carp, and silver carp. "Wuchang fish" (Bream bream) is an economic and precious fish species. There are 8 orders, 14 families and 54 species of waterfowl, including geese, storks, and pelicans. The white stork is a rare and precious waterfowl protected by the state. Special economic aquatic organisms include baiji, finless porpoise, turtle and so on. The baiji porpoise is a national first-class protected animal, and the finless porpoise is a second-class national protected animal. In the wild animal resources, there are few fur animals, mainly medicinal animals.

mineral resources

Wuhan City has discovered 33 kinds of minerals, 154 mines, with a potential economic value of more than 840 billion yuan. Among them, the reserves of metallurgical auxiliary materials and building materials are the largest, and it has the largest flux limestone, dolomite, and quartz sandstone base in the country. Bentonite reserves are 1. More than 1.8 billion tons, ranking first in the country. Discover 8 high-quality mineral water and hot springs. In addition, 11 gold mines, 9 copper mines, 2 manganese mines and 2 phosphate mines were discovered, and 5 "oil and gas displays" were discovered for oil and natural gas.

population

As of the end of 2019, the permanent population of Wuhan was 11.12 million, an increase of 131,000 over the end of 2018, of which the urban permanent population was 9,024,500, accounting for 80.49% of the total population (resident population urbanization rate), an increase of 0.2 percentage points from the end of 2017 . At the end of the year, the registered population of the city was 9,064,000. In the whole year, the registered birth population was 114,600, the birth rate was 12.8‰; the death population was 51,200, and the death rate was 5.7‰; the natural growth rate was 7.1‰.

Wuhan is a city where many ethnic groups live together. According to the sixth national census in 2010, the total population of ethnic minorities in Wuhan was 88,441 million, accounting for 0.9% of the city's total population. There are 12 ethnic groups with more than 1,000 ethnic minorities in the city, including 30,215 Tujia and 21,777 Hui.

Bustling Jianghan Road

economic

In 2019, Wuhan achieved a regional GDP of 1,622.321 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.4% at comparable prices. The adjustment of the three industrial structure was 2.3:36.9:60.8. Based on the permanent population, the city’s per capita GDP is 145,545 yuan, which is equivalent to 21,100 US dollars at the average exchange rate. According to the results of the fourth national economic census and China's GDP accounting system, Wuhan's GDP in 2018 was revised to 1,492.872 billion yuan.

In 2019, Wuhan's general public budget revenue was 291.211 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.4%, of which local general public budget revenue was 156.412 billion yuan, an increase of 2.3%. In the local general public budget revenue, tax revenue was 132.034 billion yuan, an increase of 2.0%. The general public budget expenditure was 223.710 billion yuan, an increase of 15.9%. The annual fixed asset investment (excluding rural households) increased by 9.8% year-on-year.

In 2019, the per capita disposable income of Wuhan residents was 46,010 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.2%. By permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 51,706 yuan, an increase of 9.2%; the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 24,776 yuan, an increase of 9.4%.

Wuhan Area of China (Hubei) Pilot Free Trade Zone

primary industry

In 2019, the added value of Wuhan's primary industry was 37.899 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.0%. The added value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and service industries was 39.986 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.3%. There were 6,341 new agricultural business entities in the city, an increase of 3.6%. The comprehensive income of rural leisure tourism was 18.5 billion yuan, an increase of 17.8%. The online retail sales of agricultural products was 150 billion yuan, an increase of 39.0%.

Secondary industry

Wuhan is an important industrial base in China. It has a complete industrial system including iron and steel, automobiles, optoelectronics, chemicals, metallurgy, textiles, shipbuilding, manufacturing, and medicine. It strives to build three major industries: optoelectronic information, automobiles and parts, biomedicine and medical equipment. World-class industrial clusters.

From February to November 2016, the National Memory Base, Wuhan National Aerospace Industry Base, National Cyber Security Talents and Innovation Base, National New Energy and Intelligent Connected Vehicle Base were successively approved and settled in Wuhan. In November 2018, the national top node (Wuhan) for industrial Internet identification analysis was officially launched. In September 2019, the National Intelligent Connected Vehicle (Wuhan) Test Demonstration Zone was officially unveiled.

In 2019, the added value of Wuhan's secondary industry was 598.88 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.5%. The total industrial added value was 453.911 billion yuan, an increase of 6.5%. The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 4.4%. The operating income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 1,417.84 billion yuan, an increase of 1.7%. The total profit was 93.667 billion yuan, an increase of 25.8%. There were 1,590 general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises with qualification levels, and the total output value of the construction industry was 1,039.016 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.0%.

Wuhan Optics Valley of China

Tertiary Industry

Wuhan is one of the first Chinese cities along the Yangtze River to open to the outside world, and is the preferred city for foreign investment in Central China. Among all foreign investment, Hong Kong capital has the largest proportion. Wuhan is the city with the highest amount of French investment in China, accounting for one third of all French investment in China. The China headquarters of Fortune 500 companies such as Anheuser-Busch InBev, Belgium and Beiersdorf are located in Wuhan, while Verizon Telecom and Bosch of the United States have their China headquarters located in Wuhan.

Wuhan is one of the cities with the three elements of financial market, financial institutions, and financial products. It is the only trans-provincial branch of the People’s Bank of China in the central region—the location of the Wuhan branch of the People’s Bank of China (with jurisdiction over Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces). The only legal over-the-counter market outside the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange-the "New Third Board" China's first pilot city for expansion.

Wuhan is one of the birthplaces of modern China's exhibitions. Before the reform and opening up, Wuhan was the center of China's four conventions and exhibitions. The Wuhan Quanye Awarding Fair, held in Wuchang in the first year of Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty (1909), was the earliest and more formal commodity fair in China and the first fair in modern Chinese history.

As of the end of 2018, Wuhan has four professional exhibition venues, including Wuhan International Expo Center, Wuhan International Convention and Exhibition Center, China Optics Valley Technology Exhibition Center, and Wuhan Science and Technology Exhibition Center. "China Optics Valley" International Optoelectronics Expo and Forum, China Hankou North Commodity Fair ("Hankou Fair"), etc. are regularly held in Wuhan, the 3rd World Botanical Garden Conference, the 13th World Lake Conference, and the 47th International Planning International exhibitions such as the Conference, the 11th Ministerial Conference of Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation, the First Tourism Ministerial Conference of Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and China 2019 World Philatelic Exhibition have been successfully held in Wuhan.

In 2019, the added value of the tertiary industry in Wuhan was 985.534 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 8.2%. The total retail sales of consumer goods was 744.964 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 8.9%. In the whole year, the total import and export volume in Wuhan was 244.020 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.7%. The actual use of foreign capital in the whole year was 12.309 billion US dollars, an increase of 12.6%. 34 of the world’s top 500 companies were newly introduced, bringing the total to 300.

In 2019, Wuhan's real estate development investment increased by 6.7% year-on-year. The city's housing construction area was 135,564,600 square meters, a year-on-year increase of 15.3%. In the whole year, the floor space of houses completed was 6.975 million square meters, an increase of 52.1%. The total number of tourists in the year was 318,983,100, an increase of 10.8% year-on-year; the total tourism revenue was 357.79 billion yuan, an increase of 12.9%.

In 2019, the total postal business completed in Wuhan was 26 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 32.5%. The postal industry completed 1.13 billion pieces of express delivery business, an increase of 21.5%; the express delivery business income was 11.48 billion yuan, an increase of 23.8%. The total telecommunications business completed in the whole year was 108.63 billion yuan, an increase of 53.5%. Telecom business revenue was 15.17 billion yuan, down 1.9%. The total amount of social logistics for the year was 4 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.7%. The added value of the logistics industry was 145 billion yuan, an increase of 10.8%.