City Introduction

Wuhan (capital of Hubei Province, sub provincial city, "Jiangcheng")

Wuhan is the capital and mega city of Hubei Province, the only sub provincial city in the six central provinces, and the central city of central China approved by the State Council. It is also an important industrial base, science and education base, and comprehensive transportation hub in China. Wuhan is a national historical and cultural city and an important birthplace of Chu culture. The Panlong City ruins within its borders have a history of 3500 years. Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Wuhan has been a military and commercial hub in southern China. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it became the most prosperous place in central Chu and one of the four major cities in the world. The opening of Hankou and the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty started the modernization process of Wuhan, making it an important economic center in modern China, known as the "Oriental Chicago". Wuhan was the birthplace of the Xinhai Revolution and has become the political, military, and cultural center of the country several times in modern history.

As of the end of 2018, Wuhan City had 13 administrative districts including Jiang'an District, Jianghan District, Qiaokou District, Hanyang District, Wuchang District, Qingshan District, Hongshan District, Caidian District, Jiangxia District, Huangpi District, Xinzhou District, Dongxihu District, and Hannan District. The People's Government of Wuhan City is located at 188 Yanjiang Avenue, Jiang'an District.

geographical position

Wuhan is located in the eastern part of Hubei Province, at the confluence of the Yangtze River and the Han River. Its geographical location is 29 ° 58 ′ -31 ° 22 ′ N latitude and 113 ° 41 ′ -115 ° 05 ′ E longitude. The maximum horizontal distance between east and west in Wuhan is 134 kilometers, and the maximum vertical distance between north and south is about 155 kilometers. The easternmost end is located in Jiangjunshan Village, Xugu Street, Xinzhou District, the westernmost end is located in Guoguang Village, Zhuzi Street, Caidian District, the southernmost end is located in Junbao Village, Husi Street, Jiangxia District, and the northernmost end is located in Lichong Village, Caidian Street, Huangpi District.

topographic features

The topography of Wuhan City belongs to the transitional area from the southeastern hills of Hubei Province to the southern foothills of the Dabie Mountains through the eastern edge of the Han River Plain. The middle is low and flat, surrounded by hills and ridges in the north and south, and the north is lined with low mountains. The areas of low mountains, hills, ridge plains, and flat plains in the city account for 5.8%, 12.3%, 42.6%, and 39.3% of the total land area, respectively. The altitude ranges from 19.2 meters to 873.7 meters, with most areas below 50 meters.

climate

Wuhan city belongs to the northern subtropical monsoon (humid) climate, characterized by abundant rainfall throughout the year, sufficient heat, rain and heat in the same season, light and heat in the same season, cold winters and hot summers, and distinct four seasons.

The annual average temperature in Wuhan is 15.8 ℃ -17.5 ℃, with an extreme maximum temperature of 41.3 ℃ (August 10, 1934) and an extreme minimum temperature of -18.1 ℃ (January 30, 1977). The annual frost free period is generally 211-272 days, with a total annual sunshine hours of 1810-2100 hours, an annual total radiation of 104 kcal/cm2-113 kcal/cm2, and an annual precipitation of 1150-1450 mm. Rainfall is concentrated from June to August each year, accounting for about 40% of the annual rainfall.

hydrology

Wuhan city is crisscrossed by rivers and lakes, with the Yangtze River and Han River intersecting in the center of the city. It also receives tributaries from the north and south, and numerous large and small lakes are embedded on both sides of the river, forming a network of lakes and marshes.

As of the end of 2017, Wuhan had 166 lakes of various sizes, known as the "City of Hundred Lakes". At normal water levels, the water surface area of the lakes was 867.07 square kilometers. Tangxun Lake is the largest urban lake in China (with an area of 47.6 square kilometers), while Donghu Lake, with an area of 33.9 square kilometers, ranks second in the central urban area. Liangzi Lake is one of the two inland lakes with the best ecological protection in China.

natural resources

Freshwater resources

The total water area of Wuhan City is 2217.6 square kilometers, accounting for 26.1% of the city's land area. There are 277 types of reservoirs, including 3 large reservoirs and 6 medium-sized reservoirs, with a total capacity of 925 million cubic meters. There are 85100 ponds with a storage capacity of 330 million cubic meters. According to calculations and analysis, in normal years, the static groundwater storage is 12.8 billion cubic meters, and the total surface water is 714.5 billion cubic meters, including 3.8 billion cubic meters of domestic rainfall runoff and 704.7 billion cubic meters of transit passenger water. The theoretical reserve of hydropower resources is 20000 kilowatts.

Wuhan is rich in freshwater resources, with the largest water area among major cities in China. Its per capita water resources are about 40 times the national average and 10 times the global average.

Wetland resources

Wuhan's wetland resources rank among the top three inland cities in the world. As of 2012, the wetland area in Wuhan City was 3358.35 square kilometers, accounting for 39.54% of the city's total land area. Among them, the natural wetland area was 1561.86 square kilometers and the artificial wetland area was 1796.49 square kilometers.

As of January 2018, Wuhan has a total of six national wetland parks (Jinyinhu National Wetland Park, Donghu National Wetland Park, Anshan National Wetland Park, Houguan Lake National Wetland Park, Dugong Lake National Wetland Park, and Canglong Island National Wetland Park), making it the city with the most national wetland parks.

Biological resources

According to incomplete statistics, there are 106 families, 607 genera, and 1066 species of ferns and seed plants in Wuhan, with both southern and northern flora components. Wuhan has animal resources such as livestock, aquatic animals, medicinal plants, fur and feather products, natural enemies of pests, and nationally protected animals. There are more than 10 species and over 70 breeds of livestock and poultry, including pigs, cows, and chickens. There are 11 orders, 22 families, and 88 species of fish resources. The main economic fish species include more than 20 species such as grass carp, green carp, and silver carp. "Wuchang fish" (round headed bream) is an economically valuable fish species. There are 8 orders, 14 families, and 54 species of waterfowl, including geese, storks, and pelicans. The white stork is a precious and rare waterfowl under national first-class protection. Special economic aquatic organisms include white finned dolphins, finless porpoises, turtles, etc. The Baiji dolphin is a national first-class protected animal, while the finless porpoise belongs to the national second-class protected animal. In the wild animal resources, there are few fur mammals, mainly medicinal animals.

mineral resources

Wuhan has discovered 33 types of minerals and 154 mining sites with a potential economic value of over 840 billion yuan. Among them, the reserves of metallurgical auxiliary materials and building materials are the largest, and it has the largest base of flux limestone, dolomite, and quartz sandstone in the country. The reserves of bentonite ore are over 118 million tons, ranking first in the country. Found 8 high-quality mineral water and hot springs. In addition, there are 11 cash mining sites, 9 copper mining sites, 2 manganese and phosphate mining sites, and 5 oil and gas "oil and gas indications" have been discovered.

population

As of the end of 2019, the permanent population of Wuhan was 11.212 million, an increase of 131000 from the end of 2018. Among them, the urban permanent population was 9.0245 million, accounting for 80.49% of the total population (urbanization rate of permanent population), an increase of 0.2 percentage points from the end of 2017. At the end of the year, the registered residence population of the city was 9.064 million. There were 114600 registered residence births throughout the year, with a birth rate of 12.8 ‰; The death toll was 51200, with a mortality rate of 5.7 ‰; The natural growth rate is 7.1 ‰.

Wuhan is a city where multiple ethnic groups live in a scattered manner. According to the sixth national population census in 2010, the total population of ethnic minorities in Wuhan was 88441, accounting for 0.9% of the total population of the city. There are 12 ethnic groups in the city with a population of over 1000, including 30215 Tujia and 21777 Hui.

Prosperous Jianghan Road

Economics

In 2019, Wuhan achieved a regional gross domestic product of 1622.321 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.4% calculated at comparable prices. The adjustment of the three industrial structures is 2.3:36.9:60.8. Calculated based on the permanent population, the per capita regional GDP of the city is 145545 yuan, which is equivalent to 21100 US dollars at the average exchange rate. According to the results of the Fourth National Economic Census and the regulations of China's GDP accounting system, the revised GDP of Wuhan City in 2018 was 1492.872 billion yuan.

In 2019, the total general public budget revenue of Wuhan City was 291.211 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.4%, of which the local general public budget revenue was 156.412 billion yuan, an increase of 2.3%. In the local general public budget revenue, tax revenue was 132.034 billion yuan, an increase of 2.0%. The general public budget expenditure was 223.71 billion yuan, an increase of 15.9%. Fixed assets investment (excluding farmers) increased 9.8% year on year.

In 2019, the per capita disposable income of residents in Wuhan was 46010 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.2%. Divided by permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 51706 yuan, an increase of 9.2%; The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 24776 yuan, an increase of 9.4%.

primary industry

In 2019, the added value of the primary industry in Wuhan was 37.899 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.0%. The added value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and service industries was 39.986 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.3%. There are 6341 new types of agricultural business entities in the city, an increase of 3.6%. The comprehensive income of rural leisure tourism was 18.5 billion yuan, an increase of 17.8%. The online retail sales of agricultural products reached 150 billion yuan, an increase of 39.0%.

the secondary industry

Wuhan is an important industrial base in China, with a complete industrial system including steel, automotive, optoelectronics, chemical, metallurgical, textile, shipbuilding, manufacturing, and medicine. It focuses on building three world-class industrial clusters: optoelectronics information, automotive and parts, biomedicine, and medical equipment.

From February to November 2016, the National Memory Base, Wuhan National Aerospace Industry Base, National Cybersecurity Talent and Innovation Base, and National New Energy and Intelligent Connected Vehicle Base were successively approved and settled in Wuhan. In November 2018, the national top node of industrial Internet identity resolution (Wuhan) was officially launched. In September 2019, the National Intelligent Connected Vehicle (Wuhan) Testing Demonstration Zone was officially unveiled.

In 2019, the added value of the secondary industry in Wuhan was 598.888 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.5%. The total industrial added value was 453.911 billion yuan, an increase of 6.5%. The added value of industries above designated size increased by 4.4%. The operating revenue of industrial enterprises above designated size was 1.417843 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.7%. The total profit was 93.67 billion yuan, an increase of 25.8%. There are 1590 general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises with qualification levels, achieving a total output value of 1.039016 trillion yuan in the construction industry, a year-on-year increase of 13.0%.

the service sector; the tertiary industry

Wuhan is one of the first cities in China to open up to the outside world along the Yangtze River, and is the preferred city for foreign investment in central China. Among all foreign investments, Hong Kong capital accounts for the largest proportion. Wuhan is the city with the highest investment amount from France in China, accounting for one-third of all French investments in China. The Chinese headquarters of Fortune 500 companies such as Anheuser Busch InBev in Belgium and Beiersdorf in Germany are located in Wuhan, while Verizon Telecom in the United States and Bosch in Germany have established their Chinese headquarters in Wuhan.

Wuhan is one of the cities with three elements of financial market, financial institutions and financial products at the same time. It is the location of Wuhan Branch of the People's Bank of China, the only cross provincial branch of the People's Bank of China in the central region (governing Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces), and the first pilot city in China to expand the capacity of the "New Third Board", the only legal over-the-counter market besides Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange.

Wuhan is one of the birthplaces of modern China's establishment of expos. Before the reform and opening up, Wuhan was one of the four major exhibition centers in China. The Wuhan Encouragement and Promotion Conference, held in Wuchang in the first year of the Xuantong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1909), was the earliest and more formal commodity exhibition in China, and the first exhibition in modern Chinese history.

As of the end of 2018, there were four professional exhibition venues in Wuhan, including Wuhan International Expo Center, Wuhan International Convention and Exhibition Center, China Optics Valley Science and Technology Exhibition Center, and Wuhan Science and Technology Exhibition Center. The "China Optics Valley" International Optoelectronics Expo and Forum, the China Hankou North Commodity Fair (referred to as the "Han Fair"), and other international exhibitions are regularly held in Wuhan. The 3rd World Botanical Garden Conference, the 13th World Lakes Conference, the 47th International Planning Conference, the 11th Ministerial Conference of Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation, the first Tourism Ministerial Conference of Shanghai Cooperation Organization member states, and the China 2019 World Philatelic Exhibition have also been successfully held in Wuhan.

In 2019, the added value of the tertiary industry in Wuhan was 985.534 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 8.2%. The total retail sales of consumer goods reached 744.964 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 8.9%. The total import and export volume of Wuhan region for the whole year was 244.02 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.7%. The actual utilization of foreign investment for the whole year was 12.309 billion US dollars, an increase of 12.6%. 34 Fortune 500 companies have been newly introduced, bringing the total number to 300.

In 2019, real estate development investment in Wuhan increased by 6.7% year-on-year. The construction area of houses in the city was 135.5646 million square meters, a year-on-year increase of 15.3%. The completed area of houses for the whole year was 6.975 million square meters, an increase of 52.1%. The total number of tourists for the year was 318.9831 million, a year-on-year increase of 10.8%; The total tourism revenue was 357.079 billion yuan, an increase of 12.9%.

In 2019, Wuhan completed a total of 26 billion yuan in postal services, a year-on-year increase of 32.5%. The postal industry completed 1.13 billion express delivery services, an increase of 21.5%; The revenue from express delivery business was 11.48 billion yuan, an increase of 23.8%. The total amount of telecommunications services completed throughout the year was 108.63 billion yuan, an increase of 53.5%. The telecommunications business revenue was 15.17 billion yuan, a decrease of 1.9%. The total amount of social logistics for the whole year was 4 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.7%. The added value of the logistics industry reached 145 billion yuan, an increase of 10.8%.